seth@tkflow.com 
Mawu Oyamba
M'mutu wapitawu zinasonyezedwa kuti zochitika zenizeni za masamu za mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi popuma zitha kupezeka mosavuta. Izi ndichifukwa choti mu hydrostatic mphamvu zosavuta zokha zimakhudzidwa. Pamene madzi akuyenda akuganiziridwa, vuto la kusanthula nthawi imodzi limakhala lovuta kwambiri. Osati kokha tinthu liwiro la kukula ndi malangizo ayenera kuganiziridwa, koma palinso zovuta chikoka mamasukidwe akayendedwe kuchititsa kukameta ubweya kapena frictional nkhawa pakati kusuntha madzimadzi particles ndi pa munali malire. Kuyenda kwachibale komwe kungatheke pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za thupi lamadzimadzi kumapangitsa kuti kupanikizika ndi kukameta ubweya kukhale kosiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku mfundo imodzi kupita ku ina malinga ndi mikhalidwe yotuluka. Chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zoyendayenda, kusanthula masamu molondola kumatheka kokha mwa ochepa, ndipo kuchokera kumalingaliro a uinjiniya, zina zomwe sizingatheke, milandu. ziganizo zina zophweka zokwanira kupeza yankho lachidziwitso. Njira ziwirizi sizogwirizana, chifukwa malamulo ofunikira amakanika amakhala ovomerezeka nthawi zonse ndipo amathandizira kuti njira zongoyerekeza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zingapo zofunika. Ndikofunikiranso kutsimikizira moyeserera kuchuluka kwa kupatuka kuchokera ku zochitika zenizeni chifukwa cha kusanthula kosavuta.
Lingaliro lodziwika bwino losavuta ndikuti madziwa ndi abwino kapena angwiro, motero amachotsa zovuta za viscous. Awa ndi maziko a classical hydrodynamics, nthambi ya masamu yogwiritsidwa ntchito yomwe yalandira chidwi kuchokera kwa akatswiri otchuka monga Stokes, Rayleigh, Rankine, Kelvin ndi Mwanawankhosa. Pali zolepheretsa zachibadwa mu chiphunzitso chachikale, koma monga momwe madzi ali ndi kukhuthala kochepa, amakhala ngati madzi enieni nthawi zambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, classical hydrodynamics ikhoza kuonedwa ngati maziko ofunikira kwambiri pophunzira zamayendedwe amadzimadzi. Mutuwu ukunena za kayendedwe ka madzimadzi ndipo umagwira ntchito ngati mawu oyambira pamitu yotsatira yokhudzana ndi zovuta zenizeni zomwe zimakumana ndi ma hydraulic engineering. Ma equation atatu ofunikira akuyenda kwamadzimadzi, kupitiliza, Bernoulli, ndi ma equation amphamvu amatengedwa ndikufotokozedwa kufunikira kwake. Pambuyo pake, zoperewera za chiphunzitso chachikale zimaganiziridwa ndi khalidwe lamadzimadzi enieni ofotokozedwa.An incompressible fluid imaganiziridwa ponseponse.
Mitundu yamayendedwe
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kayendedwe ka madzi imatha kugawidwa motere:
1.Chisokonezo ndi laminar
2.Kuzungulira ndi kuzungulira
3.Wokhazikika komanso wosakhazikika
4.Uniform ndi sanali yunifolomu.
Pampu za MVS mndandanda wa axial-flow pump AVS mndandanda wamapampu ophatikizika (Vertical Axial flow and Mixed flow submersible sewage pump) ndizinthu zamakono zopangidwa mwaluso pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono wakunja. Kuchuluka kwa mapampu atsopano ndi 20% akulu kuposa akale. Kuchita bwino ndi 3-5% kuposa zakale.
Kuthamanga kwa chipwirikiti ndi laminar.
Mawu awa akufotokoza momwe thupi limayendera.
Pakuthamanga kwa chipwirikiti, kupita patsogolo kwa tinthu tamadzimadzi kumakhala kosakhazikika ndipo pamakhala kusinthana kowoneka ngati kosasinthika kwa malo. ma velocities a mavesi kotero kuti kusunthako kukhale kokulirapo komanso kowopsa osati molunjika. Ngati utoto utayikidwa pamalo enaake, umafalikira mwachangu mumtsinje wonsewo. Pankhani ya chipwirikiti mutoliro, mwachitsanzo, kujambula nthawi yomweyo kwa liwiro pagawo kungasonyeze kufalikira kwa pafupifupi monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1(a). Kuthamanga kosasunthika, monga momwe kungalembedwere ndi zida zoyezera bwino, kumasonyezedwa ndi ndondomeko ya madontho, ndipo zikuwonekeratu kuti kuyenda kwa chipwirikiti kumadziwika ndi liŵiro losinthasintha losakhazikika lomwe lili pamwamba pa njira yokhazikika.
Chithunzi 1(a) Kuthamanga kwa chipwirikiti
Chithunzi 1 (b) Kuthamanga kwa laminar
Pakuyenda kwa laminar tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamadzimadzi timadutsa munjira zofananira ndipo palibe gawo lopingasa la liwiro. Kupita patsogolo kwadongosolo kumakhala kotero kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatsatira ndendende njira ya tinthu tambirimbiri tisanapatuke. Motero ulusi wopyapyala wa utoto udzakhalabe wotero popanda kufalikira. Pali kukwera kwakukulu kwa liwiro la kuthamanga kwa laminar (mkuyu 1b) kusiyana ndi kutuluka kwa chipwirikiti.Mwachitsanzo, kwa chitoliro, chiŵerengero cha velocity V ndi V max ndi 0,5 ndi kutuluka kwa chipwirikiti ndi 0. , 05 ndi kutuluka kwa laminar.
Kuthamanga kwa laminar kumayenderana ndi ma velocities otsika komanso madzi aulesi a viscous. Mu mapaipi ndi ma hydraulics otseguka, ma liwiro amakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse mokwanira kuti atsimikizire kuyenda kwa chipwirikiti, ngakhale wosanjikiza wopyapyala wa laminar umapitilirabe moyandikira malire olimba. Malamulo a kayendedwe ka laminar amamveka bwino, ndipo pazigawo zosavuta za malire kugawidwa kwa liwiro kumatha kusanthula masamu. Chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwake kosasinthasintha, kuyenda kwa chipwirikiti kwalepheretsa kusamalidwa kolimba kwa masamu, ndipo kuti athetse mavuto ofunikira, m'pofunika kudalira kwambiri maubwenzi amphamvu kapena ochepa.
Pampu yamoto ya Turbine Yoyima
Nambala ya Model: XBC-VTP
XBC-VTP Series ofukula shaft moto kumenyana mapampu ndi mndandanda wa siteji imodzi, multistage diffusers mapampu, opangidwa mogwirizana ndi aposachedwa National Standard GB6245-2006. Tinawongolanso kamangidwe kake potengera muyezo wa United States Fire Protection Association. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popereka madzi amoto mu petrochemical, gasi, magetsi, nsalu za thonje, wharf, ndege, malo osungira, nyumba zokwera kwambiri ndi mafakitale ena. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pa sitima, thanki ya m'nyanja, sitima yamoto ndi zina zoperekera.
Kuyenda mozungulira komanso mozungulira.
Kuthamanga kumanenedwa kukhala kozungulira ngati tinthu tamadzimadzi tomwe timakhala ndi liwiro la angular pafupi ndi malo ake apakati.
Chithunzi 2a chikuwonetsa kufalikira kwa liwiro komwe kumayenderana ndi chipwirikiti kuyenda kudutsa malire owongoka. Chifukwa cha kugawa kwa liwiro losagwirizana, kachigawo kakang'ono ka nkhwangwa zake ziwiri koyambirira kamakhala ndi mapindikidwe ozungulira pang'ono.
Njira ikuwonetsedwa, ndi liwiro lomwe limayenderana ndi radius. Nkhwangwa ziwiri za tinthu tating'onoting'ono zimazungulira mbali imodzi kuti kutuluka kwake kukhalenso kozungulira.
Chithunzi 2 (a) Kuyenda mozungulira
Kuti kuthamanga kukhale kozungulira, kugawidwa kwa liwiro pafupi ndi malire owongoka kuyenera kukhala kofanana (Fig.2b). Pankhani yoyenda munjira yozungulira, zitha kuwonetsedwa kuti kuyenda kozungulira kumangokhudza kokha ngati liwiro limakhala lofanana ndi radius. Kuyang'ana koyamba pa Chithunzi 3, izi zikuwoneka ngati zolakwika, koma kuunika kozama kumawonetsa kuti nkhwangwa ziwirizi zimazungulira mosiyanasiyana kotero kuti pamakhala chiwongola dzanja chotulutsa kalozera wapakati wa nkhwangwa zomwe sizisintha kuchokera pomwe zidayambira.
Mkuyu.2 (b) Kuyenda mozungulira
Chifukwa madzi onse amakhala ndi mamachulukidwe, kutsika kwamadzimadzi kwenikweni sikumatuta, ndipo kutuluka kwa laminar ndikomwe kumakhala kozungulira kwambiri. Choncho kuyenda mozungulira ndi mkhalidwe wongopeka womwe ungakhale wokonda maphunziro-okha pakadapanda kuti nthawi zambiri za chipwirikiti zikuyenda mawonekedwe ozungulira amakhala ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti akhoza kunyalanyazidwa. Izi ndi zophweka chifukwa ndizotheka kusanthula kayendedwe ka kasinthasintha pogwiritsa ntchito masamu a classical hydrodynamics omwe tawatchula kale.
Pampu Yamadzi Yam'nyanja ya Centrifugal
Nambala ya Model: ASN ASNV
Mapampu amtundu wa ASN ndi ASNV ali ndi gawo limodzi lokhalokha logawanika la volute casing casing centrifugal pampu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kayendedwe kamadzimadzi pa ntchito zamadzi, kuyendayenda kwa mpweya, nyumba, ulimi wothirira, kupopera ngalande, malo opangira magetsi, makina opangira madzi a mafakitale, kuzimitsa moto. dongosolo, sitima, zomangamanga ndi zina zotero.
Kuyenda mokhazikika komanso kosakhazikika.
Kuthamanga kumanenedwa kukhala kosasunthika pamene mikhalidwe pa nthawi iliyonse imakhala yosasinthasintha ponena za nthawi. Kutanthauzira mosamalitsa kwa tanthauzoli kungapangitse kuti chipwirikiti chikhale chokhazikika. Komabe, pazifukwa zomwe zili pano ndikwabwino kuwona kusuntha kwamadzimadzi ambiri ngati muyezo komanso kusinthasintha kosinthika komwe kumakhudzana ndi chipwirikiti ngati chikoka chachiwiri. Chitsanzo chodziwikiratu cha kuyenda kosasunthika ndikutuluka kosalekeza mu ngalande kapena njira yotseguka.
Monga chotsatira zimatsatira kuti kuyenda kumakhala kosakhazikika pamene zinthu zimasiyana malinga ndi nthawi. Chitsanzo cha kuyenda kosakhazikika ndikutulutsa kosiyanasiyana mu ngalande kapena njira yotseguka; Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochitika zosakhalitsa zomwe zimatsatizana, kapena kutsatiridwa, kutulutsa kosasunthika. Zina zodziwika bwino
Zitsanzo za chikhalidwe cha nthawi ndi nthawi ndi kayendedwe ka mafunde ndi kayendedwe ka madzi ambiri m'mafunde.
Zambiri mwazovuta mu engineering ya hydraulic zimakhudzidwa ndi kuyenda kosasunthika. Izi ndizabwino, chifukwa kusinthasintha kwa nthawi kwakuyenda kosakhazikika kumasokoneza kwambiri kusanthula. Choncho, m'mutu uno, kulingalira za kuyenda kosakhazikika kudzangokhala pazochitika zochepa zosavuta. Ndikofunika kukumbukira, komabe, kuti maulendo angapo omwe amawoneka osakhazikika amatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala okhazikika chifukwa cha mfundo ya kayendetsedwe kake.
Choncho, vuto lokhudza chombo chodutsa m'madzi osasunthika likhoza kutchulidwanso kuti chombocho chiyimire ndipo madzi akuyenda; muyezo wokha wa kufanana kwa khalidwe lamadzimadzi kuti liwiro lachibale likhale lofanana. Apanso, kuyenda kwa mafunde m'madzi akuya kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka
kukhazikika poganiza kuti wopenyerera akuyenda ndi mafunde pa liwiro lomwelo.
Injini ya dizilo Vertical Turbine multistage centrifugal inline shaft water Drainage Pump Mtundu uwu wa mpope woyimirira wa ngalande umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popopa osadzimbiri, kutentha kosakwana 60 °C, zolimba zoyimitsidwa (kuphatikiza CHIKWANGWANI, grits) zosakwana 150 mg/L zimbudzi kapena madzi oipa. VTP mtundu ofukula ngalande mpope ali VTP mtundu ofukula madzi mapampu, ndipo pamaziko a kuwonjezeka ndi kolala, anapereka chubu mafuta kondomu ndi madzi. Imatha kusuta kutentha kwapansi pa 60 ° C, kutumiza kuti mukhale ndi njere zina zolimba (monga chitsulo chachitsulo ndi mchenga wabwino, malasha, ndi zina zotero) za zimbudzi kapena madzi oipa.
Kuthamanga kofanana komanso kosafanana.
Kuthamanga kumanenedwa kukhala yunifolomu pamene palibe kusiyana kwa kukula ndi mayendedwe a vector velocity kuchokera kumalo amodzi kupita ku njira yodutsa. Kuti zigwirizane ndi tanthauzoli, malo onse akuyenda ndi liwiro liyenera kukhala lofanana panjira iliyonse. Kuthamanga kosafanana kumachitika pamene mayendedwe othamanga amasiyana ndi malo, chitsanzo chofanana ndikuyenda pakati pa kusinthasintha kapena kupatukana malire.
Ma hydraulics otseguka onsewa ndi ofala pamakina otseguka, ngakhale kunena mosapita m'mbali, popeza kutuluka kwa yunifolomu nthawi zonse kumafikiridwa mopanda mawonekedwe, ndi malo abwino omwe amangoyerekezeredwa ndipo sanapezekepo. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zikhalidwe zimagwirizana ndi danga osati nthawi ndipo chifukwa chake ngati madzi otsekedwa (monga mapaipi akupanikizika), amakhala odziimira pawokha kapena osakhazikika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-29-2024