Nkhani - Momwe Mungawerengere Mutu wa Pampu?

Momwe mungawerengere mutu wampukuta?

Pankhani yathu yofunika kwambiri monga opanga mapampu a hydraulic, tikudziwa zambiri za zosinthika zomwe zimafunikira kuti tisankhe posankha pampu woyenera kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Cholinga cha nkhani yoyamba ino ndikuyamba kuunika pa chiwerengero chachikulu cha zisonyezo mkati mwa mapampu a hydraulic chilengedwe, kuyambira mutu wa "mutu wa mutu".

Kodi mutu wa pampu ndi chiyani?

Pampion mutu, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mutu wonse kapena mutu wonse wa Mphamvu (TDH), imayimira mphamvu zonse zoperekedwa pamadzi ndi pampu. Imakhala yophatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi ma kinetic kuti pampu imapanga madziwo pomwe ikuyenda modutsa mu dongosololi. Chitsanzo chowoneka bwino ndichakuti cha chitoliro chozungulira chikukwera molunjika kuchokera ku malo operekera. Madzi a madzi adzauponyedwa pa chitoliro 5 mita kuchokera kunja kwa katulutsidwe ndi pampu wokhala ndi mutu wa 5 mets. Mutu wa pampu umalumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwake. Kukwera kwambiri kwa pampu, kutsitsa mutu. Mutu wampompo ndi wofunikira chifukwa umathandizira mainjiniya kuyesa magwiridwe antchito a pampu, sankhani pampu yoyenera yofunsidwa, ndikupanga makina oyendera madzi abwino.

Zigawo za Mutu wa Pampu

Kuti mumvetsetse kuwerengera pamtambo, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zinthu zomwe zimathandizira pamutu wonse:

Mutu wa Static (HS): Mutu wa Static ndiye mtunda wolunjika pakati pa kupukusa kwapampi. Imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chokweza. Ngati zojambulira ndizokwera kuposa kuphatikizika, mutu wambiri ndi wabwino, ndipo ngati kuli kotsika, koma mutu wapansi alibe.

Mutu wa velity (HV): Mutu wa Velocity ndi mphamvu ya kinetic yoperekedwa kumadzi pomwe imayenda kudutsa mapaipi. Zimatengera velocity ya madzi ndipo imawerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation:

Hv=V^ 2 / 2g

Kuti:

Hv= Mutu wa velity (mamita)
V= Madzimadzi velocity (m / s)
g= Kuthamangitsidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (9.81 m / s ²

Kukakamiza mutu (HP): Mutu wopanikizika umayimira mphamvu zowonjezeredwa kumadzi ndi pampu kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa madongosolo m'dongosolo. Itha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya Bernoulli:

Hp=Pd-PS / ρg

Kuti:

Hp= Kukakamiza mutu (mita)
Pd= Kukakamizidwa potuluka (pa)
Ps= Kukakamizidwa pa malo ogulitsira (pa)
ρ= Madzi amadzimadzi (kg / m³)
g= Kuthamangitsidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (9.81 m / s ²

Mikangano yazachisoni (HF): Maakaunti am'maganizo a mphamvu zakutha mphamvu chifukwa cha mikangano ya chitoliro ndi makonzedwe m'dongosolo. Itha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Darcy-Weisbach equation:

Hf=FLQ ^2/D^2g

Kuti:

Hf= Mikangano yabodza (mita)
f= Chingwe cha Darcy (chocheperako)
L= Kutalika kwa chitoliro (mamita)
Q= Kutentha (M³ / s)
D= Mainchesi a chitoliro (mamita)
g= Kuthamangitsidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (9.81 m / s ²

Kufanana kwathunthu kwa mutu

Mutu wonse (H) Mwa dongosolo la pampu ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonsezi:

H=Hs+Hv+Hp+Hf

Kumvetsetsa izi kumapangitsa mainjiniya kuti apange njira zopangira mapampu poganizira zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa njira yoyendetsera, mawonekedwe ake, kusiyanasiyana, komanso zofunika kuchita.

Ntchito Zowerengera Pampire

Kusankha pampo: Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawerengero ammutu kuti asankhe pampu yoyenera kuti apange pulogalamu inayake. Mwa kudziwa mutu wofunikira, atha kusankha pampu yomwe imathane ndi izi moyenera.

Mapangidwe: Kuwerengera mutu ndi kofunikira pakupanga njira zoyendera madzi. Akatswiri akukula amatha kusankha zoyenera kuti achepetse zovuta zamisala ndikukulitsa mphamvu.

Kuchita Bwino Mphamvu: Mutu wampompi umathandizira pakuchita pampopo pampopo mphamvu. Pochepetsa mutu wosafunikira, mainjiniya amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Kukonza komanso kusautsa: Kuyang'anira mutu wa pampupo pakapita nthawi kungathandize kuzindikira kusintha kwa dongosolo, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa nkhani zokonza kapena zovuta monga bloble kapena kutayikira.

Kuwerengera Chitsanzo: Kuzindikira mutu waukulu

Kuti timvetsetse lingaliro la kuwerengera pamtambo, tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zingafanane ndi pampu yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. M'nkhaniyi, tikufuna kudziwa mutu wathunthu womwe umafunikira kuti ugawidwe madzi kuchokera ku malo osungirako.

Kupatsidwa magawo:

Kusiya Kusiyana (ΔH): Mtunda wolunjika kuchokera ku mulingo wamadzi mu malo osungira mpaka pamtunda wapamwamba kwambiri mu mita yothirira ndi 20 metres.

Kutayika kwa mutu (HF): Kutayika kwamphamvu chifukwa cha mapaipi, zolimbitsa, ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimachitika mamita 5.

Mutu wa velity (HV): Kusungabe mayendedwe osunthika, mutu wina wa mita 2 kumafunikira.

Kukakamiza mutu (HP): Mutu wowonjezera wowonjezera, monga kuti athetse ntchito zothandizira, ndi 3 metres.

Kuwerengera:

Mutu wathunthu wa pampu (H) umatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation iyi:

Mutu wathunthu (H) = Kupaka mutu / mutu wa Static (Δh) / (HS) + Mutu wa Valocity +

H = 20 metres + 5 metres + 2 metres + 3 metres

H = 30 metres

Mwachitsanzo ichi, mutu wonse wampiyo umafunikira kuti kuthiririka kuthirira ndi 30 metres. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pampuyo iyenera kupereka mphamvu zokwanira kukweza madzi 20 molunjika, kuthana ndi zoopsa, kukhalabe ndi vuto linalake, ndipo limaperekanso zovuta zina ngati zofunika.

Kumvetsetsa ndi kuwerengera molondola kampilu chonse ndikofunikira posankha puru woyenera kuti akwaniritse mtengo womwe mukufuna kuti ukhale wofanana ndi mutu wofanana.

Kodi ndingapeze kuti pammutu mutu?

Chizindikiro cha pamtambo chilipo ndipo chimatha kupezeka muMasamba a dataza zinthu zathu zonse zazikulu. Kuti mupeze zambiri zokhudzana ndi luso la mapampu athu, chonde lemberani gulu laukadaulo ndi malonda.

Post Nthawi: Sep-02-2024