Nkhani - Momwe Mungawerengere Mutu Wa Pampu?

Momwe Mungawerengere Mutu Wa Pampu?

Mu gawo lathu lofunikira monga opanga mapampu a hydraulic, timadziwa kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa posankha pampu yoyenera kuti igwiritse ntchito. Cholinga cha nkhani yoyambayi ndikuyamba kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zaumisiri mkati mwa chilengedwe cha hydraulic pump, kuyambira ndi chizindikiro "mutu wapampu".

Kodi Pump Head ndi chiyani?

Mutu wapampu, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa mutu wonse kapena mutu wonse wamphamvu (TDH), umayimira mphamvu zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa kumadzi ndi mpope. Imawerengera kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu yamphamvu ndi mphamvu ya kinetic yomwe pampu imapereka kumadzimadzi pamene imayenda kudzera mu dongosolo.Mwachidule, tikhoza kufotokozera mutu ngati kutalika kokweza komwe pompopu imatha kutumizira kumadzi opopera. Chitsanzo chomveka bwino ndi cha chitoliro choyima chomwe chikukwera kuchokera kumalo operekera katundu. Madzi adzaponyedwa pansi pa chitoliro mamita 5 kuchokera kumalo otulutsa madzi ndi mpope wokhala ndi mutu wa mamita asanu. Mutu wa pampu umagwirizana mosagwirizana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mpope, kutsika mutu. Kumvetsetsa mutu wa pampu ndikofunikira chifukwa kumathandiza mainjiniya kuwunika momwe mpope amagwirira ntchito, kusankha pampu yoyenera kuti agwiritse ntchito, ndikupanga makina oyendera bwino amadzimadzi.

Zigawo za Pump Head

Kuti mumvetsetse kuwerengera kwa mutu wa pampu, ndikofunikira kuphwanya zigawo zomwe zimathandizira mutu wonse:

Static Head (Hs): Mutu wosasunthika ndi mtunda woyima pakati pa popopa poyamwa ndikutulutsa. Zimatengera mphamvu zomwe zingathe kusintha chifukwa cha kukwera. Ngati malo otulutsa ndi apamwamba kuposa poyamwa, mutu wosasunthika ndi wabwino, ndipo ngati uli wotsika, mutu wosasunthika ndi woipa.

Velocity Head (Hv): Kuthamanga mutu ndi mphamvu ya kinetic yomwe imaperekedwa kumadzimadzi pamene ikuyenda kudzera mu mapaipi. Zimatengera kuthamanga kwa madzimadzi ndipo amawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation:

Hv=V^2/2g

Kumene:

Hv= Kuthamanga mutu (mita)
V= Kuthamanga kwamadzi (m/s)
g= Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (9.81 m/s²)

Pressure Head (Hp): Kupanikizika mutu kumayimira mphamvu zomwe zimawonjezeredwa kumadzimadzi ndi mpope kuti zigonjetse kutayika kwamphamvu mu dongosolo. Itha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya Bernoulli:

Hp=Pd−Ps/ρg

Kumene:

Hp= Pressure mutu (mita)
Pd= Kupanikizika pamalo otulutsa (Pa)
Ps= Pressure pa suction point (Pa)
ρ= Kuchuluka kwa madzi (kg/m³)
g= Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (9.81 m/s²)

Kulimbana Kwambiri (Hf): Friction head imayambitsa kutayika kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mapaipi ndi zoyikira mu dongosolo. Itha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya Darcy-Weisbach:

Hf=fLQ^2/D^2g

Kumene:

Hf= Kugundana mutu (mita)
f= Darcy friction factor (yopanda malire)
L= Utali wa chitoliro (mita)
Q= Mtengo woyenda (m³/s)
D= Diameter ya chitoliro (mita)
g= Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (9.81 m/s²)

Total Head Equation

Mutu wonse (H) ya makina opopera ndiye kuchuluka kwa zigawo zonsezi:

H=Hs+Hv+Hp+Hf

Kumvetsetsa equation iyi kumathandizira mainjiniya kupanga makina opopera abwino poganizira zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe ofunikira, kukula kwa mapaipi, kusiyana kwa kukwera, komanso kukakamizidwa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mawerengedwe a Pampu Mutu

Kusankha Pampu: Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kwa mutu wa pampu kuti asankhe mpope woyenera kuti agwiritse ntchito. Pozindikira mutu wathunthu wofunikira, amatha kusankha pampu yomwe ingakwaniritse zofunikirazi moyenera.

Kapangidwe kadongosolo: Kuwerengera pamutu papampu ndikofunikira pakupanga makina oyendera madzimadzi. Mainjiniya amatha kukula mapaipi ndikusankha zokometsera zoyenera kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa mikangano ndikukulitsa magwiridwe antchito adongosolo.

Mphamvu Mwachangu: Kumvetsetsa mutu wa pampu kumathandizira kukhathamiritsa ntchito yapampu kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu. Pochepetsa mutu wosafunikira, mainjiniya amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito.

Kusamalira ndi Kuthetsa Mavuto: Kuwunika mutu wa pampu pakapita nthawi kungathandize kuzindikira kusintha kwa machitidwe, kusonyeza kufunikira kokonzekera kapena kuthetsa mavuto monga kutsekeka kapena kutayikira.

Kuwerengera Chitsanzo: Kuzindikira Mutu Wapampu Onse

Kuti tifotokoze tanthauzo la kuwerengetsera mutu wa pampu, tiyeni tiganizire zachinthu chosavuta chokhudza mpope wamadzi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Munthawi imeneyi, tikufuna kudziwa mutu wonse wa mpope wofunikira kuti madzi agawidwe bwino kuchokera pachitsime kupita kumunda.

Zomwe zaperekedwa:

Kusiyana kwa Makwerero (ΔH): Mtunda woyima kuchokera pamadzi osungiramo madzi mpaka pamalo okwera kwambiri m'munda wothirira ndi mamita 20.

Frictional Head Loss (hf): Kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha mipope, zolumikizira, ndi zigawo zina zamakina zimafikira 5 metres.

Velocity Head (hv): Kuti muziyenda mokhazikika, mutu wina wa liwiro la mita 2 umafunika.

Pressure Head (hp): Mutu wowonjezera wopanikizika, monga kugonjetsa chowongolera, ndi 3 mita.

Kuwerengera:

Mutu wonse wa mpope (H) wofunikira ukhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation iyi:

Mutu Wapampu Wonse (H) = Kusiyana kwa Elevation/Static Head (ΔH)/(hs) + Frictional Head Loss (hf) + Velocity Head (hv) + Pressure Head (hp)

H = mamita 20 + 5 mamita + 2 mamita + 3 mamita

H = 30 mamita

Mu chitsanzo ichi, mutu wonse wa mpope wofunikira pa ulimi wothirira ndi mamita 30. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mpope uyenera kupereka mphamvu zokwanira kukweza madzi mamita 20 molunjika, kuthana ndi zotayika, kusunga liwiro linalake, ndi kupereka mphamvu yowonjezera ngati ikufunika.

Kumvetsetsa ndikuwerengera bwino mutu wonse wa mpope ndikofunikira kuti musankhe pampu yoyenera kukula kwake kuti mukwaniritse kuthamanga komwe mukufuna pamutu womwewo.

Kodi ndingapeze kuti mutu wapampu?

Chizindikiro cha mutu wa pampu chilipo ndipo chimapezeka mumapepala a datamwazinthu zathu zonse zazikulu. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zaukadaulo wamapampu athu, chonde lemberani gulu laukadaulo ndi malonda.

Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-02-2024